how to read Cloud-optimized geotiff (cog) in python?

To read a COG (Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF) file in Python, you can use the rasterio library. It supports efficient reading of GeoTIFFs, including those optimized for cloud access (COG files).

Steps to Read a COG TIFF File

Install the rasterio library:

pip install rasterio

Or install with requirements.txt

rasterio==1.4.3

Read the COG file:
Here’s an example of how to open and read data from a COG file:

import rasterio

# Open the COG file
cog_file_path = "path_to_your_cog_file.tif"

with rasterio.open(cog_file_path) as dataset:
    # Print metadata
    print("Metadata:", dataset.meta)

    # Read the data as a NumPy array (e.g., the first band)
    band1 = dataset.read(1)

    # Print shape of the array
    print("Band 1 shape:", band1.shape)

    # Access geospatial transform
    print("Transform:", dataset.transform)

    # Access coordinate reference system (CRS)
    print("CRS:", dataset.crs)

Work with the Data:

• You can process the NumPy array (band1) as required.
• Use the metadata to understand the geospatial information.

Notes:

• Rasterio supports partial reads and efficient data access, which are key benefits of COG.
• Make sure you have network access if working with remote files.

This approach is ideal for reading and working with geospatial data stored in COG format.